I mentioned around Earth Day that I should do a post about cloth diapering, in case any of my friends might want to consider this option. Now my friend Abby has posted about their experience, so I thought I’d join in! (WARNING: This is an extremely detailed and lengthy post, so if you’re in it for the long haul, better grab a snack. Oh, also — the subject of “poo” may come up here and there, so this is not for the faint of heart!)
We have cloth diapered Lily since birth, though we are not too hardcore and do use disposables at night and for convenience when we’re out and about. Still, we have found even part time cloth diapering to be rewarding for the environmental impact, and it has been easier than expected.
You have several different options with cloth diapering, each with its own advantages. Most people find a combination of options works well for them, as their needs vary (i.e. night time diapers, going out diapers, around the house, etc.).
Prefolds (with covers): These are the old-school diapers, which require a cover to make them moisture-proof. They come in sizes (like preemie, newborn, infant, regular/premium, toddler). You can pin them or use a rubber clasp, called a Snappi. I prefer to Snappi because I am afraid of pins! You can even choose to just fold one in thirds (trifold) and lay it in a cover. This is a quick and easy option, but is not great for containing runny newborn poo. There are different folds you can use with prefolds, too–just takes trial and error sometimes to find out what works well for your baby. For instance, I used the jellyroll fold (rolling both sides in before bringing the front of the diaper up to snappi), which is great for containing newborn poo. Prefolds come in basic cotton, or the more expensive versions may be a blend, like hemp, which is more absorbant. You can also choose between Chinese Prefolds (CPF) or Indian (IPF). Chinese are generally more durable, but not quite as soft as IPF. Prefolds have the advantage of being a pretty inexpensive option, as they run $1-2 apiece. If you were to use only prefolds and covers, you would probably want 36 diapers and maybe 6-8 covers (newborns tend to go through more covers because of runny poo). The covers can be used through more than one diaper change, as long as they are not soiled. The prefolds you can buy in stores, like Gerber, are generally considered to be less absorbant and lower quality than ones you can get online (though they make great burpcloths!). A lot of people swear by the basic prefold and cover option for simplicity and cost-effectiveness. I myself really liked this option when Lily was a newborn – easier than I had anticipated. However, as she has gotten older, she is so wiggly that it can be difficult to get a good fit with the prefold, and the two-step process of diaper and cover is just sometimes one step too many!
Snappi fasteners
Prefold w/ Snappi
Fitteds: Fitted diapers are ones that have elastic in the legs and waist for a more snug fit. They usually have snap or hook and loop (Velcro or Aplix) closure. They do not require pinning or Snappi-ing. Like prefolds, they require a cover. They come in different materials, like cotton, hemp, bamboo, etc. They will run you more per diaper, like around $8-12. There are also “contoured” diapers, which are shaped more like an hourglass, so they don’t require folding like a prefold, but they don’t have elastic (and must be secured with a pin or Snappi). They are usually cheaper than a fitted. Kissaluvs is a brand that makes both a fitted and a contour diaper.
Fitted (Kissaluv)
Fitted with Cover (Prorap cover)
Covers: Huge range of varieties in covers! You have basic PUL (polyurethane laminate), which is closest to the vinyl pants of our youth (but softer, not crinkly!). They generally have Velcro closure, and sometimes have nice features like leg gussets for extra leak protection. A few examples of PUL covers include Proraps, Thirsties, and Bummis Super Whisper Wraps. There are also fleece covers, which are more breathable than PUL. I don’t know much about fleece, though (except that it is bulkier–too bulky for a trim look under clothes, in my opinion). And then there is wool. We don’t use wool, but it has a lot of fans among hardcore cloth diaperers! I did try them briefly, and they work amazingly well, but are not a great option under clothes (bulky). Wool covers have to be lanolized to make them waterproof (meaning you have to soak them in water with lanolin from time to time). It is more breathable than PUL, so some people feel it helps keep babies’ bums healthier. A lot of people seem to like wool for night time, since baby will be in the same diaper for a longer stretch of time. When it comes to wool, there are also “shorties” and “longies,” which are knit shorts or pants that act as both diaper cover and clothing. A lot of women knit their own, or buy from WAHM’s (work-at-home-moms).
AIO (All-In-Ones): These are basically diaper and cover in one piece. They usually have a PUL outer with absorbant material inside, sometimes with a feel-dry liner, like suedecloth or fleece. AIO are most like disposables — easy and convenient — but they are also more expensive, like $15-20 each. So for people trying to cloth diaper inexpensively, sometimes they will just have several AIO (or pocket diapers…more later) for going out or for babysitters. A full stash of a couple dozen AIOs gets pricey, but some people prefer it. AIO can have either Velcro/Aplix or snap closure. The main disadvantage to AIOs is the very long drying time. Because it is all one piece, it can take two full dryer cycles to get completely dry. An example of an AIO is bumGenius, which makes both an AIO and a pocket diaper.
Lily (7 weeks old) in a BumGenius AIO
Pocket Diapers: These are similar to AIO, except instead of having the absorbant material sewn in, they have a pocket (with opening at the back of the diaper) for you to “stuff” with whatever you like. This is nice, because you can vary the absorbancy, like more for night. They are often sold with an insert — like microfiber — but you can add whatever you want, like a hemp insert, or bamboo, or even a prefold. You can double the inserts for added absorbancy. With these diapers, you have the added step of putting the insert in the diaper, and taking it out for laundering. They dry much faster than an AIO since you take the inserts out before washing/drying. Many brands of pockets also have the avantage of being one size fits all. They have different snaps to accomodate baby from newborn through potty training. They are usually the most expensive option, ranging from $17 on up, plus you may then wnat to buy additional inserts, which may be several dollars apiece. But with the one-size, you are investing in a diaper that will last you for years and can be used for more than one child at the same time (i.e, if you have both a toddler and an infant, you can adjust the diaper to fit either child). Examples of pocket diapers inclue Fuzzi Bunz and Haute Pockets, and bumGenius also makes a one-size pocket diaper, which is what we use most now that Lily is bigger. She is still on the smallest size setting, so these diapers will last her through potty-training. And Happy Heinys makes some adorable prints.
Diaper pail: Most people find a standard trashcan with lid works fine, lined with a washable pail liner (like a Wahmies brand liner). You may want two liners — one for the pail while the other is in the laundry. Wahmies have a nice little fabric square sewn in that you can put a few drops of essential oil for odor control. Some people prefer to use a wet pail, in which you leave some water to soak the diapers as you put them in. It helps with preventing stains, but can be a bit messier with having to lug a heavy pail to the washer and dump the yucky water. We have a bucket next to the washer (which is in the basement), in which we sometimes soak dirty diapers before washing.
Laundering: Cloth diapers require a detergent without fabric softeners, so you don’t want to use Dreft. There are quite a few detergents that are recommended. (see Pinstripesandpolkadots.com for laundry help and detergent reviews.) Bleach is also not recommended, although some people do use it sparingly and infrequently. That is a personal call. Diapers of babies who are exclusively breastfed don’t need to be dunked in the toilet; the poo is water-soluable, so the diapers can go straight in the washing machine and will wash out completely. Solid poo needs to be shaken off into the toilet first. Some people find a diaper sprayer (which can connect to your sink or even directly to your toilet) is helpful for spraying off solids before laundering. You can choose to line-dry or put in the dryer — your choice! Our wash routine is: presoak in the washer (or sometimes in the bucket overnight), then wash on hot with a sparing amount of Country Save powder detergent (biodegradable, no perfumes or dyes, no fabric softener). We do a double rinse cycle to ensure all detergent is out of the diapers (detergent build-up can affect absorbancy). Then into the dryer on high. Some diapers require going through the dryer a couple of times (my AIO take at least 90 minutes to dry). If we have time and the weather is nice, we will line dry at least part of the time (to reduce energy consumption). Some people add things like baking soda and/or vinegar to their wash routine, but this is usually to combat a problem like odor. Basically, most people find cloth diapers just add a couple of loads of laundry per week to their usual routine — so not much trouble!
Buying: There are tons of online retailers! Many have nice basic newborn packages or other trial packages (like the trial offer from Jillian’s Drawers) with a bit of a price break or free shipping for buying a lot at once. In my opinion, though, it is good to get a sampling of options, so that you can see what works well for you. I found a combination of Indian prefolds (IPF) and Proraps, plus several AIO and pockets for outings worked great for the newborn stage. Later, we tried more fitteds (Thirsties Fab Fitteds, BumGenius bamboo fitted, Swaddlebees) and some different covers; Thirsties and Imse Vimse Soft covers are my favorites. If you want to wash every 3-4 days, you will want to have around 2-3 dozen diapers on hand.
Finally, I just want to list some of my favorite retailers (many of the links in the text above will link to some of these retailers):
Overwhelmed? I was! I hope this info is helpful for anyone considering cloth diapering, and at least mildly interesting even for those who aren’t.